NLC Graduate Trainee ECE Syllabus

NLC Graduate Executive Trainee ECE Syllabus

Networks, Signals and Systems Network solution methods –
Nodal and mesh analysis; Network theorems : superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Wye-Delta transformation; Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of simple linear circuits; Solution of network equations using Laplace transform; Frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits; Linear 2-port network parameters : driving point and transfer functions; State equations of for networks.

Continuous-time signals –
Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling theorem and applicaitons; Discrete-time signals; discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), DFT, FFT, Z-transform, interpolation of discrte-time signals; LTI systes : definition and properties, causality, stability, Impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay, digital filter design techniques.

Electronic Devices –
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport : diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity; Generation and recombination of carriers; Poisson and continuity equations; P-N junction, Zenor diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LELD, photo diode and solar cell; Integrated circuit fabrication process : oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photo lithography and twin-tub CMOS process.

Analog Circuits –
Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits : clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Signle- stage BJT and MOSFEt amplifiers; baising, bias stability, mid frequency small signal analysis and frequency response; BJT and MOSFET amplifiers : multi-stage, differential, feedback, power and operational; Simple op-amp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation, single-transistor and op-amp configurations; Function generators, wave- shaping circuits and 555 timers; Voltage reference circuits; Power supplies : ripple removal and regulation.

Digital Circuits –
Number systems; Conmbinatorial circuits; Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and PLAs; Sequential circuits; latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers and finite state machines : Data converters : sample and hold circuits. ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories : ROM, SRAM, DRAM; 8 – bit microprocessor (8085) : architecture, programming, memory and I/O inter.

Control System
Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram representation; Signal flow graph; Transient an steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response, Routh Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots;
Lag, lead and lag, lead compensation, State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems.

Communications
Random processes : auto correlation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems, Analog communications : amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulaltion, spectra of AM and FM, super heterodyne receivers, circuits for analog communications; information theory : entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital communications : PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM, MAP and ML decoding, matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation; Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes; Timing and frequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.

Electromagnetic
Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations : differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Ponyting vector; Plane waves and properites : reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth; Transmission lines; equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, Sparameters, Smith chart; Waveguides : modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies, dispersion relations; Antennas : Antenna Types, Radiation pattern, Gain and directivity, Return loss, Antenna Arrays : Basics of radar; Light propagation in optical fibres.